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ketamine Crystal is a cyclohexanone-derived general anesthetic and NMDA receptor antagonist with analgesic and hallucinogenic properties, used medically for anesthesia, depression, and pain management.[19][20] Ketamine exists as its two enantiomers, S– (esketamine) and R– (arketamine), and has antidepressant action likely involving other mechanisms in addition to NMDA antagonism. At anesthetic doses, ketamine induces a state of dissociative anesthesia, a trance-like state providing pain relief, sedation, and amnesia.[21] Its distinguishing features as an anesthestic are preserved breathing and

GHB(Gamma-hydroxybutyric acid) is a central nervous system (CNS) depressant that occurs naturally in the body in small amounts but is primarily known as an illicit recreational drug and a “date rape” drug. Its sodium salt, sodium oxybate (brand name Xyrem®), is an FDA-approved prescription medication used to treat narcolepsy.  Key Facts Effects and Dangers GHB’s effects are

Ephedrine Crystals is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant and sympathomimetic agent that is often used to prevent low blood pressure during anesthesia.[11] It has also been used for asthma, narcolepsy, and obesity but is not the preferred treatment.[11] It is of unclear benefit in nasal congestion.[11] It can be taken by mouth or by injection into a muscle, vein, or just under the skin.[11] Onset with intravenous use is fast, while injection into a muscle can take 20 minutes,

DMT (Dimethyltryptamine) is a potent psychedelic compound that occurs naturally in some plants and animals and is used as a ritualistic entheogen in some cultures. As a recreational drug, it can be inhaled for a brief but intense experience or taken orally with a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) for a longer-lasting effect. DMT is a

Dextromethorphan (DXM) Powder, sold under the brand name Robitussin among others, is a cough suppressant used in many cough and cold medicines.[6] In 2022, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the combination dextromethorphan/bupropion to serve as a rapid-acting antidepressant in people with major depressive disorder.[7] It is in the morphinan class of medications with dissociative and stimulant properties (at lower doses). Dextromethorphan does not have a significant affinity for the mu-opioid receptor activity typical of morphinan compounds and exerts

Crystal Meth is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant that is primarily used as a recreational or performance-enhancing drug and less commonly as a second-line treatment for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).[24] It has also been researched as a potential treatment for traumatic brain injury.[7] Methamphetamine was discovered in 1893 and exists as two enantiomers: levo-methamphetamine and dextro-methamphetamine.[note 2] Methamphetamine properly refers to a specific chemical substance, the racemic free base, which is an equal mixture of levomethamphetamine

Volkswagen Cocaine primarily refers to recent news of a senior Volkswagen executive deported from China for drug use, as well as various instances where the drug has been found concealed in Volkswagen vehicles by law enforcement agencies.  Executive Deportation In October 2024, Jochen Sengpiehl, Volkswagen’s chief marketing officer for China, was detained and subsequently deported from the country

Synthetic Cocaine refers to man-made stimulant compounds designed to mimic the effects of natural cocaine, primarily by acting on the brain’s dopamine pathways. These substances are often sold illegally as “research chemicals” or disguised as “bath salts” or even genuine cocaine, and can be significantly more dangerous due to their unpredictable potency and lack of quality

Pure Cocaine is a central nervous system stimulant and tropane alkaloid derived primarily from the leaves of two coca species native to South America: Erythroxylum coca and E. novogranatense.[14][15][16][17][18] Coca leaves are processed into cocaine paste, a crude mix of coca alkaloids from which cocaine base is isolated and converted to cocaine hydrochloride.[18] Cocaine was once a standard topical medication as a local anesthetic with intrinsic vasoconstrictor activity, but its high abuse potential, adverse effects, and cost

This article is about fungi. For use in food, see Edible mushroom. For other uses, see Mushroom (disambiguation). “Toadstool” redirects here. For other uses, see Toadstool (disambiguation). A mushroom is the fleshy, spore-bearing fruiting body of a fungus, typically produced above ground on soil or another food source. A toadstool generally refers to a poisonous mushroom. The standard for the name “mushroom” is the cultivated white button mushroom, Agaricus bisporus;